Battles of the mind
Visions of Nationalism after World War II
Keywords:
nationalism, War, authoritarianism, psic, psychoanalysis, prejudice, history of nationalismAbstract
The history of the academic debate on nations and nationalisms has begun to be written with greater rigor and detail. However, some voices in this debate today seem omitted and forgotten, as if they had never been pronounced or were silenced due to their bias and reductionism. One of these hypotheses, of Freudian origin, presented the nationalist as a fanatic with low self-esteem and serious emotional problems, as a weak and frustrated personality who, trying to hide his own affective problems, would cause death and destruction on others. This article review the psychodynamic interpretation of nationalism, how it was developed in the interwar European scenario and how it crystallized at the end of World War II. Over the shadow cast by Hitler and the memory of the Holocaust, the vision of the nationalist ended up being popularized as a subject marked by anguish and inner conflict, personal insecurity, mental and moral weakness, and psychopathology. Finally, the need arises to reconstruct in the academy the voices of a historical debate that, far from belonging to the past, continues to be replicated many decades later outside the academy, in the political and media battle over nations and nationalism.
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